Evaluation of wave impact loads on caisson breakwaters based on joint probability of impact maxima and rise times     

Giovanni Cuomo  Rodolfo Piscopia  William Allsop 《Coastal Engineering》2011

When waves break against seawalls, vertical breakwaters, piers or jetties, they abruptly transfer their momentum into the structure. This energy transfer is always spectacular and perpetually unrepeatable but can also be very violent and affect the stability and the integrity of coastal structures. Over the last 15 years, increasing awareness of wave-impact induced structural failures of maritime structures has emphasised the need for a more complete approach to dynamic responses, including effects of impulsive loads. At the same time, movement of design standards toward probabilistic approaches requires new statistical tools able to account for uncertainties in the variability of wave loading processes. This paper presents a new approach to the definition of loads for use in performance design of vertical coastal structures subject to breaking wave impacts.  相似文献   

Characterisation of water masses and phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the East Australian Current separation zone during spring 2008     

C.S. Hassler  J.R. DjajadikartaM.A. Doblin  J.D. EverettP.A. Thompson 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(5):664-677

This study focuses on the comparison of oceanic and coastal cold-core eddies with inner-shelf and East Australian Current (EAC) waters at the time of the spring bloom (October 2008). The surface water was biologically characterised by the phytoplankton biomass, composition, photo-physiology, carbon fixation and by nutrient-enrichment experiments. Marked differences in phytoplankton biomass and composition were observed. Contrasted biomarker composition suggests that biomarkers could be used to track water masses in this area. Divinyl chlorophyll a, a biomarker for tropical Prochlorophytes, was found only in the EAC. Zeaxanthin a biomarker for Cyanophytes, was found only within the oceanic eddy and in the EAC, whereas chlorophyll b (Chlorophytes) was only present in the coastal eddy and at the front between the inner-shelf and EAC waters.This study showed that cold-core eddies can affect phytoplankton, biomass, biodiversity and productivity. Inside the oceanic eddy, greater phytoplankton biomass and a more complex phytoplankton community were observed relative to adjacent water masses (including the EAC). In fact, phytoplankton communities inside the oceanic eddy more closely resembled the community observed in the inner-shelf waters. At a light level close to half-saturation, phytoplankton carbon fixation (gC d⁻¹) in the oceanic eddy was 13-times greater than at the frontal zone between the eddy and the EAC and 3-times greater than in the inner-shelf water. Nutrient-enrichment experiments demonstrated that nitrogen was the major macronutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in water masses associated with the oceanic eddy. Although the effective quantum yield values demonstrate healthy phytoplankton communities, the phytoplankton community bloomed and shifted in response to nitrogen enrichments inside the oceanic eddy and in the frontal zone between this eddy and the EAC. An effect of Si enrichment was only observed at the frontal zone between the eddy and the EAC. No response to nutrient enrichment was observed in the inner-shelf water where ambient NO_x, Si and PO₄ concentrations were up to 14, 4 and 3-times greater than in the EAC and oceanic eddy. Although results from the nutrient-enrichment experiments suggest that nutrients can affect biomass and the composition of the phytoplankton community, the comparison of all sites sampled showed no direct relationship between phytoplankton biomass, nutrients and the depth of the mixed layer. This is probably due to the different timeframe between the rapidly changing physical and chemical oceanography in the separation zone of the EAC.  相似文献   

黄河内蒙古河段输沙量与淤积量计算方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴保生  刘可晶  申红彬  周丽艳 《水科学进展》2015,26(3):311-321

基于多沙河流"多来多排"输沙基本公式,建立了考虑上站来沙量、前期累计淤积量、临界输沙水量及干支流泥沙粒径影响的输沙量一般表达式。进而根据黄河内蒙古河段1953—2010年实测水沙资料,得到了内蒙古巴彦高勒—头道拐全河段及巴彦高勒—三湖河口和三湖河口—头道拐分河段的年输沙量公式,并根据输沙率法采用建立的输沙量公式计算了各河段1953—2010年的逐年冲淤量。选取三湖河口—头道拐河段的计算结果分析表明,在输沙基本公式基础上增加前期累计淤积量、临界输沙水量及干支流泥沙粒径参数,所得公式计算的年冲淤量与实测值之间的相关系数R2由基本公式的0.41依次提高到0.50、0.75和0.80,说明在基本公式基础上进一步考虑这些参数的必要性。此外,全河及分河段输沙公式计算所得输沙量及各河段冲淤量和累计淤积量与实测值的符合程度均较好,表明建立的输沙公式能够用于不同水沙条件下的输沙量和冲淤量计算,可为分析内蒙古河段的输沙特性和长期淤积趋势提供参考。  相似文献   

山东省灵山岛负载构造和球-枕构造研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张风霄  周瑶琪  王安东  于姗姗 《沉积与特提斯地质》2015,35(3):42-50

本文运用野外露头考察、沉积岩石学、地质统计等方法,对灵山岛的负载构造和球-枕构造进行研究。这些负载构造和球-枕构造侧向延伸好,在整个剖面上连续分布,具有多尺度、多形态、多组合等特点。形成负载构造和球-枕构造的前提条件是地层密度的倒置(上大下小),变形的根本驱动力是沉积物自身的重力。球-枕构造和负载构造的形成机制相同,只是变形程度和阶段不同。根据不对称负载构造受横向剪切力分析,证明早白垩世时该盆地存在古斜坡,并且SE高、NW低。综合考虑地震触发形成震积岩的标志特征和灵山岛的构造地质背景,认为本研究区的负载构造和球-枕构造系古地震触发形成。  相似文献   

ISO2394:2015 Annex D (Reliability of Geotechnical Structures)     

K.K. Phoon  J.V. Retief 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(3):125-127

ISO2394:2015 contains a new informative Annex D on “Reliability of Geotechnical Structures”. The emphasis in Annex D is to identify and characterize critical elements of the geotechnical reliability-based design process, while respecting the diversity of geotechnical engineering practice. This paper highlights the main features of Annex D and gaps for future work.  相似文献   

AutoCAD自动加载VBA程序研究     

魏磊  田磊 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(9)

VBA语言是进行AutoCAD二次开发的重要手段之一。本文主要探讨了AutoCAD平台下如何自动加载VBA程序,详细介绍了当前常用的自动加载VBA程序的方法,对这些方法在使用过程中的优点和局限性进行了对比分析,最后引入了使用代码操作注册表加载VBA程序的方法。  相似文献   

冲击荷载作用下新型延展式张力腿平台时域分析     

巩超  黄维平 《海洋工程》2015,33(1):24-30

延展式张力腿平台是一种适用于深水油气开采的海洋平台结构。提出一种新型平台由四个立柱和一个环形浮箱连接而成,环形浮箱是由四个箱型梁焊接而成。根据给出的南海海域的海况条件和相应的规范计算结构的环境载荷,运用SESAM软件Deep C模块,考虑风、浪、流等环境荷载的作用和张力腿系统的非线性影响,进行了时域耦合分析,得到了平台的运动位移时程、张力腿系统张力时程和张力极值等。模拟波浪破碎作为冲击载荷,得到张力腿平台在冲击荷载作用下的运动位移时程、张力腿系统的张力时程。研究结果表明:该新型平台具有良好的运动响应,张力筋腱应力满足安全要求;在冲击载荷作用下新型平台的运动响应也满足要求。  相似文献   

An Experimental Study on A Trapezoidal Pendulum Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves     

王冬姣  邱守强  叶家玮 《海洋工程》2015,29(4):623-632

Experimental studies were conducted on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves. To obtain the incident wave height, the analytical method (AM) was used to separate the incident and reflected waves propagating in a wave flume by analysing wave records measured at two locations. The response amplitude operator (RAO), primary conversion efficiency and the total conversion efficiency of the wave energy converter were studied; furthermore, the power take-off damping coefficients corresponding to the load resistances in the experiment were also obtained. The findings demonstrate that the natural period for a pendulum wave energy converter is relatively large. A lower load resistance gives rise to a larger damping coefficient. The model shows relatively higher wave energy conversion efficiency in the range of 1.0?1.2 s for the incident wave period. The maximum primary conversion efficiency achieved was 55.5%, and the maximum overall conversion efficiency was 39.4%.  相似文献   

Ultimate Load Capacity of Offshore Pipeline with Arbitrary Shape Corrosion Defects     

陈严飞  张娟  张宏  刘啸奔  李昕  周晶  曹静 《海洋工程》2015,29(2):241-252

A set of generalized solutions are proposed for estimating ultimate load capacity of pipeline with arbitrary corrosion shapes subjected to combined internal pressure, axial force and bending moment. Isotropic and anisotropic material characteristics in longitudinal and circumferential direction of pipeline are also considered in the proposed equations. Simplified numerical method is used to solve the generalized expressions. The comparisons of numerical results based generalized solutions and full-scale experimental results are carried out. The predicted results agree reasonably well with the experiment results. Meanwhile, the effects of corrosion shapes and locations on the ultimate load capacity are studied.  相似文献   

利用遗传算法的网络GIS集群服务器动态负载均衡算法     

朱莉  沈未名  李锐  徐胜勇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(6):721-725

针对现有负载均衡方法的不足和网络GIS数据的特点,提出了一种基于遗传算法的网络GIS集群服务器动态负载均衡方法。该算法将基于服务器状态和基于内容的调度算法综合起来考虑,设计了相应的编码机制和遗传操作。实验结果表明,和常用的负载均衡算法相比,此算法能获得更小的服务请求响应时间,能更好地服务网络GIS系统。  相似文献